From this week's National Journal: (subscription)

• The U.S. Chamber of Commerce announced in mid-June that it planned to raise as much as $100 million to mobilize its members and run ads to "defend and advance America's free enterprise values in the face of rapid government growth and attacks by anti-business activists." Political observers and the press have since been trying to divine the broader political significance of the move, writes Julie Kosterlitz.

• From Inside Washington: Whatever Happened to Ohio Republican Rep. Bill Gradison? Gradison, now 80, retired from the House in 1993 after nine terms and took a job as president of the Health Insurance Association of America, where he worked until 1999. At the HIAA, Gradison effectively led the private health insurance industry's opposition to President Clinton's health care reform package, a fight that included the famous "Harry and Louise" ads. Click here to read more.

• From On The Move: David Martin is now a lobbyist for the Air Line Pilots Association. He was previously senior legislative representative for the Association of Flight Attendants-Communication Workers of America.